iddah the waiting period, step by step

Do I have to wear white, or black, during my iddah?

No school requires white or black. The test in the books is adornment: clothes dyed or chosen to look beautiful are set aside, and plain clothes of any color are fine.1234 Black is allowed in the Mālikī, Shāfiʿī and Ḥanbalī texts unless, where you live, it is worn as adornment.123 The Ḥanafī texts say black is permitted to her, and also report that a wife is not excused for wearing black in grief for her husband beyond three days; Ibn ʿĀbidīn notes the two statements pull against each other.45

What the four schools say

The schools agree that clothes are judged by whether they adorn, not by color, and that no color is required. The Mālikī, Shāfiʿī and Ḥanbalī texts allow black; the Ḥanafī texts allow it but also report a view against wearing black in grief beyond three days. The Mālikī text adds that custom decides, so even white or black can count as adornment where people wear it that way.

  • Ḥanafī الحنفية

    There is no harm in black, blue, or old dyed clothes with no scent; al-Fatḥ says black is permitted to her according to the four imams. Clothes dyed with safflower, saffron or red clay are set aside when new and adorning, not when old.46 The next page reports from al-Tatārkhāniyyah that a wife is not excused for wearing black in grief for her husband beyond three days; Ibn ʿĀbidīn says this limits the permission above, and al-Ṭaḥṭāwī reads it as clothes dyed black for grief, not clothes already black.5

  • Mālikī المالكية

    She sets aside dyed clothes if she has others, except black, unless she is very fair-skinned or black is the adornment of her people. She may wear white; al-Dasūqī says the matter turns on custom, and quotes al-Kāfī that she may not wear anything she adorns herself with, white or otherwise.3

  • Shāfiʿī الشافعية

    Cotton, wool, linen and the like are allowed in their natural colors, even if fine. Colors dyed for adornment, such as red and yellow, are not. Black and dark blue, used for mourning, are allowed and suit mourning best; al-Ḥāwī reports one view that black is required. Green or blue are forbidden if bright and clear, allowed if dull or dark.2

  • Ḥanbalī الحنابلة

    Clothes dyed to beautify, such as red, saffron, or clear bright colors, are forbidden. What is dyed without meaning beauty, such as dark blue, black and deep green, is not, because it is not adornment. She is not barred from beautiful undyed clothes, even fine ones.1

What can change this

  • If the only garment you have is one you would otherwise set aside, the Ḥanafī text allows it, because covering comes first, without meaning adornment.4
  • A view reported in al-Ḥāwī (Shāfiʿī) that black is required is a minority view inside one school; al-Nawawī states that black is allowed.2

Sources

  1. 1

    Ibn Qudāmah, al-Mughnī (Ḥanbalī), Maktabat al-Qāhirah ed., 8:157–158

    Open: Ibn Qudāmah, al-Mughnī (Ḥanbalī), Maktabat al-Qāhirah ed., 8:157–158 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 1

    الْقِسْمُ الثَّانِي: زِينَةُ الثِّيَابِ، فَتَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهَا الثِّيَابُ الْمُصْبَغَةُ لِلتَّحْسِينِ، كَالْمُعَصْفَرِ، وَالْمُزَعْفَرِ، وَسَائِرِ الْأَحْمَرِ، وَسَائِرِ الْمُلَوَّنِ لِلتَّحْسِينِ، كَالْأَزْرَقِ الصَّافِي … فَأَمَّا مَا لَا يُقْصَدُ بِصَبْغِهِ حُسْنُهُ، كَالْكُحْلِيِّ، وَالْأَسْوَدِ، وَالْأَخْضَرِ الْمُشْبَعِ، فَلَا تُمْنَعُ مِنْهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِزِينَةٍ … وَلَا تُمْنَعُ مِنْ حِسَانِ الثِّيَابِ غَيْرِ الْمَصْبُوغَةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ رَقِيقًا، سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ قُطْنٍ أَوْ كَتَّانٍ أَوْ إبْرَيْسَمٍ … فَيَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهَا لُبْسُ الْحُلِيِّ كُلِّهِ، حَتَّى الْخَاتَمِ، فِي قَوْلِ عَامَّةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ … وَالثَّالِثُ مِمَّا تَجْتَنِبُهُ الْحَادَّةُ النِّقَابُ، وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ، مِثْلُ الْبُرْقُعِ وَنَحْوِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُعْتَدَّةَ مُشَبَّهَةٌ بِالْمُحْرِمَةِ وَالْمُحْرِمَةُ تُمْنَعُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَإِذَا احْتَاجَتْ إلَى سَتْرِ وَجْهِهَا أَسْدَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا تَفْعَلُ الْمُحْرِمَةُ

    Clothes dyed to beautify are forbidden, such as safflower and saffron, red, and colors meant to beautify such as clear blue. What is dyed without meaning beauty, such as dark blue, black and deep green, she is not barred from, because it is not adornment. She is not barred from beautiful undyed clothes, even fine, whether cotton, linen or silk. All jewelry is forbidden, even a ring, in the view of most scholars. She avoids the niqāb and the like, as a woman in iḥrām does; if she needs to cover her face she lets a cloth hang down over it.

  2. 2

    al-Nawawī, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn (Shāfiʿī), 8:405–407

    Open: al-Nawawī, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn (Shāfiʿī), 8:405–407 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 2

    فرع في كيفية الإحداد وهو ترك التزين بالثياب والحلي والطيب . النوع الأول : الثياب ، ولا يحرم جنس القطن والصوف ، والوبر والشعر ، [ ص: 406 ] والكتان والقصب والدبيقي ، بل يجوز لبس المنسوج منها على أنواع اختلاف ألوانها الخلقية وإن كانت نفيسة ناعمة ، لأن نفاستها من أصل الخلقة ، لا من زينة دخلت عليها . وأما الإبريسم ، فقال الجمهور : هو كالكتان فلا يحرم ما لم تحدث فيه زينة . وقال القفال : يحرم ، واختاره الإمام والغزالي والمتولي ، فعلى هذا ، لا تلبس العتابي الذي غلب فيه الإبريسم ، ولها لبس الخز قطعا . ولو صبغ ما لا يحرم في جنسه ، نظر في صبغه ، إن كان مما يقصد منه الزينة غالبا ، كالأحمر والأصفر ، حرم لبسه إن كان لينا ، وكذا إن كان خشنا على المشهور ، وهو نصه في " الأم " ويدخل في هذا القسم ، الديباج المنقش ، والحرير الملون ، فيحرمان . والمصبوغ غزله قبل النسج كالبرود حرام على الأصح ، كالمصبوغ بعد النسج ، وإن كان الصبغ مما لا يقصد به الزينة ، بل يعمل للمصيبة واحتمال الوسخ كالأسود والكحلي ، فلها لبسه وهو أبلغ في الحداد ، بل في " الحاوي " وجه أنه يلزمها السواد في الحداد … وإن كان الصبغ مترددا بين الزينة وغيرها ، كالأخضر والأزرق ، فإن كان براقا صافي اللون فحرام ، وإن كان كدرا أو مشبعا ، أو أكهب وهو الذي يضرب إلى الغبرة ، جاز … النوع الثاني : الحلي ، فيحرم عليها لبسه ، سواء فيه الخلخال والسوار والخاتم وغيرها ، والذهب والفضة ، وقال الإمام : يجوز لها التختم بخاتم الفضة كالرجل ، وبالأول قطع الجمهور … النوع الثالث : الطيب فيحرم عليها الطيب في بدنها وثيابها ، وتفصيل الطيب سبق في " كتاب الحج " ، ويحرم دهن رأسها بكل دهن . ولو كان لها لحية ، حرم دهنها وإن لم يكن في الدهن طيب ، لأنه زينة ، ويجوز لها دهن البدن بما لا طيب فيه ، كالزيت و الشيرج والسمن ، ولا بما فيه طيب كدهن البان والبنفسج ، ويحرم عليها أكل طعام فيه طيب ، ويحرم أن تكتحل بما فيه طيب . وأما ما لا طيب فيه ، فإن كان أسود وهو الإثمد ، فحرام على البيضاء قطعا ، وكذا على السوداء على المشهور والصحيح ، لإطلاق الأحاديث فيه ، فإن احتاجت إلى الاكتحال به لرمد وغيره ، اكتحلت به ليلا ومسحته نهارا ، فإن دعت ضرورة إلى الاستعمال نهارا أيضا جاز ، ويجوز استعماله في غير العين ، إلا الحاجب ، فإنه تتزين به فيه . وأما الكحل الأصفر وهو الصبر ، فحرام على السوداء ، وكذا على البيضاء على الأصح ، لأنه يحسن العين . ويحرم أيضا أن تطلي به وجهها ، لأنه يصفر الوجه ، فهو كالخضاب . وأما الكحل الأبيض كالتوتياء ونحوه ، فلا يحرم ، إذ لا زينة فيه . وقيل : يحرم على البيضاء حيث تتزين به ، والصحيح الأول

    Iḥdād is leaving adornment in clothes, jewelry and perfume. Cotton, wool, linen and the like are not forbidden in their natural colors even if fine and soft, since their fineness is in their making, not adornment added to them. A dye usually meant for adornment, such as red or yellow, is forbidden. A dye not meant for adornment but used for mourning or to hide dirt, such as black and dark blue, she may wear, and it suits mourning best; al-Ḥāwī even reports a view that black is required. Colors between the two, such as green and blue, are forbidden if bright and clear, allowed if dull or dark. Jewelry is forbidden, anklets, bracelets, rings, gold and silver (al-Imām allowed a silver ring; the majority did not). Perfume on body and clothes is forbidden; oiling the head with any oil is forbidden; oiling the body with unscented oil such as olive oil or ghee is allowed. Black kohl (ithmid) is forbidden; if she needs it for eye disease she applies it at night and wipes it off by day, and by day too if necessity calls. White medicinal kohl (tutty) is not forbidden.

  3. 3

    al-Dardīr, al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr, with Ḥāshiyat al-Dasūqī (Mālikī), 2:478

    Open: al-Dardīr, al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr, with Ḥāshiyat al-Dasūqī (Mālikī), 2:478 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 3

    وَكَانَ الْإِحْدَادُ مِنْ مُتَعَلِّقَاتِ عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ وَهُوَ تَرْكُ الْمَرْأَةِ الزِّينَةَ مُدَّةَ عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ ذَكَرَهَا الْمُصَنِّفُ بِقَوْلِهِ (وَتَرَكَتْ) الْمَرْأَةُ (الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا) (فَقَطْ) لَا الْمُطَلَّقَةُ وُجُوبًا (وَإِنْ صَغُرَتْ) وَيَتَعَلَّقُ الْوُجُوبُ بِوَلِيِّهَا (وَلَوْ كِتَابِيَّةً) مَاتَ زَوْجُهَا الْمُسْلِمُ (وَمَفْقُودًا زَوْجُهَا) وَقَدْ حُكِمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَوْتِ (التَّزْيِينَ بِالْمَصْبُوغِ) مِنْ الثِّيَابِ حَرِيرًا كَانَتْ أَوْ كَتَّانًا أَوْ قُطْنًا أَوْ صُوفًا (وَلَوْ) كَانَ (أَدْكَنَ) بِدَالِ مُهْمَلَةٍ لَوْنٌ فَوْقَ الْحُمْرَةِ وَدُونَ السَّوَادِ (إنْ وَجَدَتْ غَيْرَهُ) وَظَاهِرُهُ وَلَوْ بِبَيْعِهِ وَاسْتِخْلَافِ غَيْرِهِ (إلَّا الْأَسْوَدَ) فَلَا تَتْرُكُ لُبْسَهُ إلَّا إذَا كَانَتْ نَاصِعَةَ الْبَيَاضِ أَوْ كَانَ هُوَ زِينَةَ قَوْمٍ فَيَجِبُ تَرْكُهُ (وَ) تَرَكَتْ (التَّحَلِّيَ) أَيْ لُبْسَ الْحُلِيِّ مُطْلَقًا وَلَوْ خَاتَمًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ وَوَجَبَ نَزْعُهُ … قَالَ فِي الْمُدَوَّنَةِ وَتَلْبَسُ الْبَيَاضَ كُلَّهُ رَقِيقَهُ وَغَلِيظَهُ قَالَ فِي التَّوْضِيحِ وَمَالَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ إلَى الْمَنْعِ مِنْ رَقِيقِ الْبَيَاضِ، وَالْحَقُّ أَنَّ الْمَدَارَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْعَوَائِدِ؛ وَلِذَا قَالَ فِي الْكَافِي: وَالصَّوَابُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ لُبْسُهَا لِشَيْءٍ تَتَزَيَّنُ بِهِ بَيَاضًا كَانَ أَوْ غَيْرَهُ

    Iḥdād is the woman leaving adornment for the length of the death iddah. The widow alone (not the divorced woman) must leave it, even if young, even a Christian or Jewish wife of a Muslim: adornment with dyed clothes of any fabric, even dark brown, if she has others; except black, which she does not leave unless she is very fair-skinned or it is the adornment of her people, in which case she must leave it. She leaves all jewelry, even an iron ring, and removes it when the death occurs. Al-Mudawwanah: she may wear white, fine or coarse; some inclined to forbid fine white; the truth is that it depends on custom, and al-Kāfī says what is right is that she may not wear anything she adorns herself with, white or otherwise.

  4. 4

    Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:532

    Open: Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:532 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 4

    رَاجِعٍ لِلْجَمِيعِ إذْ الضَّرُورَاتُ تُبِيحُ الْمَحْظُورَاتِ، وَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَسْوَدَ وَأَزْرَقَ وَمُعَصْفَرٍ خَلَقٍ لَا رَائِحَةَ لَهُ … (قَوْلُهُ: رَاجِعٌ لِلْجَمِيعِ) فَإِنْ كَانَ وَجَعٌ بِالْعَيْنِ فَتَكْتَحِلُ، أَوْ حَكَّةٌ فَتَلْبَسُ الْحَرِيرَ، أَوْ تَشْتَكِي رَأْسَهَا فَتَدْهُنُ وَتَمْشُطُ بِالْأَسْنَانِ الْغَلِيظَةِ الْمُتَبَاعِدَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ إرَادَةِ الزِّينَةِ لِأَنَّ هَذَا تَدَاوٍ لَا زِينَةٌ جَوْهَرَةٌ. قَالَ فِي الْفَتْحِ: وَفِي الْكَافِي إلَّا إذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا ثَوْبٌ إلَّا الْمَصْبُوغُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ لِضَرُورَةِ سَتْرِ الْعَوْرَةِ، لَكِنْ لَا تَقْصِدُ الزِّينَةَ … (قَوْلُهُ: وَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَسْوَدَ) فِي الْفَتْحِ: وَيُبَاحُ لَهَا لُبْسُ الْأَسْوَدِ عِنْدَ الْأَئِمَّةِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ … [تَنْبِيهٌ] مُقْتَضَى اقْتِصَارِهِمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهَا مِمَّا مَرَّ أَنَّ الْإِحْدَادَ خَاصٌّ بِالْبَدَلِ، فَلَا تُمْنَعُ مِنْ تَجْمِيلِ فِرَاشٍ وَأَثَاثِ بَيْتٍ، وَجُلُوسٍ عَلَى حَرِيرٍ كَمَا نَصَّ عَلَيْهِ الشَّافِعِيَّةُ. وَنُقِلَ فِي الْمِعْرَاجِ أَنَّ عِنْدَ الْأَئِمَّةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ لَهَا أَنْ تَدْخُلَ الْحَمَّامَ وَتَغْسِلَ رَأْسَهَا بِالْخِطْمِيِّ وَالسِّدْرِ اهـ وَلَمْ يُذْكَرْ حُكْمُهُ عِنْدَنَا. قَالَ فِي الْبَحْرِ: وَاقْتِصَارُ الْمُصَنِّفِ عَلَى تَرْكِ مَا ذُكِرَ يُفِيدُ جَوَازَ دُخُولِ الْحَمَّامِ لَهَا

    The exception for an excuse covers all of these, since necessity permits what is otherwise barred: with eye pain she uses kohl, with an itch she wears silk, with a headache she oils her hair and combs it with a wide-toothed comb, not meaning adornment, because that is treatment. Al-Fatḥ, from al-Kāfī: if her only garment is a dyed one, there is no harm in it, for the need to cover, without meaning adornment. There is no harm in black, blue, or old safflower-dyed clothes with no scent. From al-Fatḥ: wearing black is permitted to her according to the four imams. Mourning concerns her body: she is not barred from a nicely furnished bed and home. Al-Miʿrāj reports that the other three imams allow her the bathhouse and washing her head with marshmallow and lote leaves; al-Baḥr says the matn’s list implies the bathhouse is permitted to her.

  5. 5

    Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), 3:533

    Open: Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), 3:533 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 5

    وَفِي التَّتَارْخَانِيَّة: وَلَا تُعْذَرُ فِي لُبْسِ السَّوَادِ، وَهِيَ آثِمَةٌ إلَّا الزَّوْجَةَ فِي حَقِّ زَوْجِهَا فَتُعْذَرُ إلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ. قَالَ فِي الْبَحْرِ: وَظَاهِرُهُ مَنْعُهَا مِنْ السَّوَادِ تَأَسُّفًا عَلَى مَوْتِ زَوْجِهَا فَوْقَ الثَّلَاثَةِ. … (قَوْلُهُ: وَظَاهِرُهُ مَنْعُهَا مِنْ السَّوَادِ إلَخْ) أَيْ فَيُقَيَّدُ بِهِ إطْلَاقُ مَا مَرَّ مِنْ أَنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَسْوَدَ. وَأَجَابَ ط بِحَمْلِ مَا هُنَا عَلَى صَبْغِهِ لِأَجْلِ التَّأَسُّفِ وَلُبْسِهِ، وَمَا مَرَّ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مَصْبُوغًا أَسْوَدَ قَبْلَ مَوْتِ الزَّوْجِ لِتَتَوَافَقَ عِبَارَاتُهُمْ، لَكِنْ يُنَافِيهِ إبَاحَتُهُ فِي الثَّلَاثِ تَأَمَّلْ.

    Quoting al-Tatārkhāniyyah: a woman is not excused for wearing black (in mourning) and is sinful, except a wife for her husband, who is excused up to three days. al-Baḥr says this apparently means she is kept from wearing black in grief over her husband beyond three days. Ibn ʿĀbidīn comments that this limits the earlier unqualified statement that there is no harm in black (3:532). Al-Ṭaḥṭāwī reconciles the two by reading this passage as clothes dyed black for grief and worn for it, and the earlier one as clothes already dyed black before the husband died; Ibn ʿĀbidīn adds that allowing it for three days does not fit that reading, and says to reflect on it.

  6. 6

    Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:531

    Open: Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:531 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 6

    (إذَا كَانَتْ مُعْتَدَّةَ بَتٍّ، أَوْ مَوْتٍ) وَإِنْ أَمَرَهَا الْمُطَلِّقُ، أَوْ الْمَيِّتُ بِتَرْكِهِ لِأَنَّهُ حَقُّ الشَّرْعِ، إظْهَارًا لِلتَّأَسُّفِ عَلَى فَوَاتِ النِّكَاحِ (بِتَرْكِ الزِّينَةِ) بِحُلِيٍّ أَوْ حَرِيرٍ، أَوْ امْتِشَاطٍ بِضَيِّقِ الْأَسْنَانِ (وَالطِّيبِ) وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا كَسْبٌ إلَّا فِيهِ (وَالدُّهْنِ) وَلَوْ بِلَا طِيبٍ كَزَيْتٍ خَالِصٍ (وَالْكُحْلِ وَالْحِنَّاءِ وَلُبْسِ الْمُعَصْفَرِ وَالْمُزَعْفَرِ) وَمَصْبُوغٍ بِمَغْرَةٍ، أَوْ وَرْسٍ (إلَّا بِعُذْرٍ) … مُعْتَدَّةُ الْمَوْتِ فَيَجِبُ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ غَيْرَ مَدْخُولَةٍ فَيَجِبُ فِيهَا الْحِدَادُ

    She mourns (iḥdād) when in the iddah of a final divorce or of death, even if the divorcing or dead husband told her not to, because it is a right of the Sharīʿah, showing sorrow at the loss of the marriage. Mourning is leaving adornment: jewelry, silk, combing with a fine-toothed comb, perfume (even if her only earning is in it), oil even without perfume such as pure olive oil, kohl, henna, and clothes dyed with safflower, saffron, red clay or wars, except for an excuse. The iddah of death, and with it mourning, is owed even if the marriage was not consummated.

Pending scholarly review · Every point here is from the sources cited. It has not yet been reviewed by a scholar.

Sources checked (7 Jumādā al-Ūlā 1448)

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