Do I have to wear white, or black, during my iddah?
No school requires white or black. The test in the books is adornment: clothes dyed or chosen to look beautiful are set aside, and plain clothes of any color are fine.1234 Black is allowed in the Mālikī, Shāfiʿī and Ḥanbalī texts unless, where you live, it is worn as adornment.123 The Ḥanafī texts say black is permitted to her, and also report that a wife is not excused for wearing black in grief for her husband beyond three days; Ibn ʿĀbidīn notes the two statements pull against each other.45
What the four schools say
The schools agree that clothes are judged by whether they adorn, not by color, and that no color is required. The Mālikī, Shāfiʿī and Ḥanbalī texts allow black; the Ḥanafī texts allow it but also report a view against wearing black in grief beyond three days. The Mālikī text adds that custom decides, so even white or black can count as adornment where people wear it that way.
-
Ḥanafī الحنفية
There is no harm in black, blue, or old dyed clothes with no scent; al-Fatḥ says black is permitted to her according to the four imams. Clothes dyed with safflower, saffron or red clay are set aside when new and adorning, not when old.46 The next page reports from al-Tatārkhāniyyah that a wife is not excused for wearing black in grief for her husband beyond three days; Ibn ʿĀbidīn says this limits the permission above, and al-Ṭaḥṭāwī reads it as clothes dyed black for grief, not clothes already black.5
-
Mālikī المالكية
She sets aside dyed clothes if she has others, except black, unless she is very fair-skinned or black is the adornment of her people. She may wear white; al-Dasūqī says the matter turns on custom, and quotes al-Kāfī that she may not wear anything she adorns herself with, white or otherwise.3
-
Shāfiʿī الشافعية
Cotton, wool, linen and the like are allowed in their natural colors, even if fine. Colors dyed for adornment, such as red and yellow, are not. Black and dark blue, used for mourning, are allowed and suit mourning best; al-Ḥāwī reports one view that black is required. Green or blue are forbidden if bright and clear, allowed if dull or dark.2
-
Ḥanbalī الحنابلة
Clothes dyed to beautify, such as red, saffron, or clear bright colors, are forbidden. What is dyed without meaning beauty, such as dark blue, black and deep green, is not, because it is not adornment. She is not barred from beautiful undyed clothes, even fine ones.1
What can change this
Sources
- 1
Ibn Qudāmah, al-Mughnī (Ḥanbalī), Maktabat al-Qāhirah ed., 8:157–158
- 2
al-Nawawī, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn (Shāfiʿī), 8:405–407
- 3
al-Dardīr, al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr, with Ḥāshiyat al-Dasūqī (Mālikī), 2:478
- 4
Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:532
- 5
Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), 3:533
- 6
Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:531