iddah the waiting period, step by step

He divorced me, and then he died before my iddah ended. Which iddah do I keep?

It depends on the divorce. After a revocable divorce, you were still his wife in the law, so his death moves you into the widow’s iddah of four months and ten days from the death, with its mourning; the four schools agree.1234 After a final divorce, you complete your divorce iddah, except that two schools give the longer of the two terms when he gave the final divorce in his last illness.14

What the four schools say

The schools agree on the revocable divorce. They differ on a final divorce given in his last illness: the longer of the two terms, or completing the divorce iddah.

  • Ḥanafī الحنفية

    The revocably divorced woman takes the death iddah, by consensus. If he gave a final divorce to escape her inheritance and died while she was in the iddah, she waits the longer of the two terms: four months and ten days from the death, with three cycles from the divorce.1

  • Mālikī المالكية

    A woman in a revocable divorce moves from the divorce iddah to the death iddah; a woman in a final divorce whose husband dies before her iddah ends continues her divorce iddah.2 Mālik said this holds even when he gave a triple divorce in his final illness: she keeps the divorce iddah and still inherits.6

  • Shāfiʿī الشافعية

    If the husband dies while she is in his divorce iddah: after a revocable divorce, the divorce iddah drops and she moves to the death iddah, so mourning becomes binding; after a final divorce, she completes the divorce iddah and does not move to the death iddah.3

  • Ḥanbalī الحنابلة

    If the husband of a revocably divorced woman dies, she begins the death iddah of four months and ten days, without disagreement. A woman in a final divorce continues her divorce iddah, unless he divorced her in his final illness: then she observes the longer of the two terms.4

What can change this

  • If you are pregnant, the iddah ends at the birth in either case.35
  • Whether a divorce was revocable or final is its own question; the divorce pages explain the difference.

Sources

  1. 1

    Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:513

    Open: Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:513 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 1

    (وَفِي) حَقِّ (امْرَأَةِ الْفَارِّ مِنْ) الطَّلَاقِ (الْبَائِنُ) إنْ مَاتَ وَهِيَ فِي الْعِدَّةِ (أَبْعَدُ الْأَجَلَيْنِ مِنْ عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ وَعِدَّةِ الطَّلَاقِ) احْتِيَاطًا، بِأَنْ تَتَرَبَّصَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا مِنْ وَقْتِ الْمَوْتِ فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ حِيَضٍ مِنْ وَقْتِ الطَّلَاقِ شُمُنِّيٌّ، وَفِيهِ قُصُورٌ لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ لَمْ تَرَ فِيهَا حَيْضًا تَعْتَدُّ بَعْدَهَا بِثَلَاثِ حِيَضٍ، حَتَّى لَوْ امْتَدَّ طُهْرُهَا تَبْقَى عِدَّتُهَا حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ سِنَّ الْإِيَاسِ فَتْحٌ (وَ) قَيَّدَ بِالْبَائِنِ لِأَنَّ (لِمُطَلَّقَةِ الرَّجْعِيِّ مَا لِلْمَوْتِ) إجْمَاعًا

    The wife of a man who gave a final (bāʾin) divorce to escape her inheritance, and died while she was in the iddah, waits the longer of the two terms (death iddah and divorce iddah), as a precaution: four months and ten days from the death, with three menstrual cycles from the divorce. The revocably divorced woman takes the death iddah, by consensus.

  2. 2

    al-Dardīr, al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr, with Ḥāshiyat al-Dasūqī (Mālikī), 2:475

    Open: al-Dardīr, al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr, with Ḥāshiyat al-Dasūqī (Mālikī), 2:475 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 2

    (وَإِلَّا) بِأَنْ كَانَ النِّكَاحُ صَحِيحًا أَوْ مُخْتَلَفًا فِي صِحَّتِهِ وَقَدْ مَاتَ زَوْجُهَا الْمُسْلِمُ (فَأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٌ) كَانَ الزَّوْجُ حُرًّا أَوْ عَبْدًا صَغِيرًا أَوْ كَبِيرًا دَخَلَ بِهَا أَوْ لَا كَانَتْ هِيَ صَغِيرَةً أَوْ كَبِيرَةً مُسْلِمَةً أَوْ ذِمِّيَّةً وَكَانَتْ فِي الْعِصْمَةِ. بَلْ (وَإِنْ) كَانَتْ (رَجْعِيَّةً) فَتُنْقَلُ مِنْ عِدَّةِ الطَّلَاقِ إلَى عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ بِخِلَافِ الْبَائِنِ يَمُوتُ مُطَلِّقُهَا قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ عِدَّتِهَا فَلَا تَنْتَقِلُ لِعِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ بَلْ تَسْتَمِرُّ عَلَى عِدَّةِ طَلَاقِهَا … (إنْ تَمَّتْ) الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٌ لِلْحُرَّةِ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا (قَبْلَ زَمَنِ حَيْضَتِهَا) بِأَنْ كَانَتْ تَحِيضُ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسَةِ أَشْهُرٍ مَثَلًا، وَتُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا عَقِبَ طُهْرِهَا، وَمِثْلُهُ لَوْ تَأَخَّرَ لِرَضَاعٍ فَأَوْلَى إنْ حَاضَتْ فِيهَا (وَقَالَ النِّسَاءُ لَا رِيبَةَ بِهَا) بِأَنْ قَطَعْنَ بِبَرَاءَةِ رَحِمِهَا مِنْ الْحَمْلِ (وَإِلَّا) بِأَنْ لَمْ تَتِمَّ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٌ قَبْلَ مُضِيِّ زَمَنِ حَيْضِهَا بِأَنْ كَانَتْ تَحِيضُ أَثْنَاءَهَا، وَلَمْ تَحِضْ أَوْ اُسْتُحِيضَتْ، وَلَمْ تُمَيِّزْ أَوْ تَأَخَّرَتْ لِمَرَضٍ عَلَى الرَّاجِحِ أَوْ تَمَّتْ قَبْلَ زَمَنِ حَيْضِهَا، وَقَالَ النِّسَاءُ: بِهَا رِيبَةٌ (انْتَظَرَتْهَا) أَيْ الْحَيْضَةَ، أَوْ تَمَامَ تِسْعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ زَالَتْ الرِّيبَةُ حَلَّتْ، وَإِلَّا انْتَظَرَتْ رَفْعَهَا أَوْ أَقْصَى أَمَدِ الْحَمْلِ (إنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا) شَرْطٌ فِي قَوْلِهِ: إنْ تَمَّتْ إلَخْ أَيْ هَذَا التَّفْصِيلُ إنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ، وَإِلَّا حَلَّتْ بِمُضِيِّ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَفْصِيلٍ

    If the marriage was valid (or its validity is disputed) and her Muslim husband died: four months and ten days, whether or not he consummated the marriage, young or old, Muslim or Christian/Jewish. Even if she was in a revocable divorce, she moves from the divorce iddah to the death iddah; a woman in a final divorce whose husband dies before her iddah ends does not move, and continues her divorce iddah. A detail for a consummated marriage: if her usual period would have come within the four months and ten days and did not, or women who examine her say there is doubt (of pregnancy), she waits for the period or nine months; if the marriage was not consummated she is free when four months and ten days pass, without this detail.

  3. 3

    al-Nawawī, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn (Shāfiʿī), 8:399

    Open: al-Nawawī, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn (Shāfiʿī), 8:399 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 3

    وسواء رأت في المدة دم حيض أم لم تره ، ولو مات الزوج والمرأة في عدة طلاقه ، فإن كانت رجعية ، سقطت عنها عدة الطلاق ، وانتقلت إلى عدة الوفاة ، حتى يلزمها الإحداد ولا تستحق النفقة ، وإن كانت بائنا أكملت عدة الطلاق ، ولها النفقة إذا كانت حاملا ، ولا تنتقل إلى عدة الوفاة حاملا كانت أو حائلا . أما إذا كانت المتوفى عنها حاملا ، فعدتها بوضع الحمل بشرطه السابق في عدة الطلاق ، وسواء تعجل الوضع أو تأخر

    It is the same whether or not she sees menstrual blood in that time. If the husband dies while she is in his divorce iddah: if it was revocable, the divorce iddah drops and she moves to the death iddah, so mourning becomes binding; if it was final, she completes the divorce iddah and does not move to the death iddah. If the widow is pregnant, her iddah is the delivery, whether it comes soon or late.

  4. 4

    Ibn Qudāmah, al-Mughnī (Ḥanbalī), Maktabat al-Qāhirah ed., 8:115–116

    Open: Ibn Qudāmah, al-Mughnī (Ḥanbalī), Maktabat al-Qāhirah ed., 8:115–116 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 4

    (وَلَوْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا، وَهُوَ حُرٌّ أَوْ عَبْدٌ، قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ، انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا لِتَمَامِ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٍ، إنْ كَانَتْ حُرَّةً، وَلِتَمَامِ شَهْرَيْنِ وَخَمْسَةِ أَيَّامٍ، إنْ كَانَتْ أَمَةً) أَجْمَعْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى أَنَّ عِدَّةَ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ غَيْرِ ذَاتِ الْحَمْلِ مِنْ وَفَاةِ زَوْجِهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٌ، مَدْخُولًا بِهَا، أَوْ غَيْرَ مَدْخُولٍ بِهَا، سَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ كَبِيرَةً بَالِغَةً أَوْ صَغِيرَةً لَمْ تَبْلُغْ … وَالْعَشْرُ الْمُعْتَبَرَةُ فِي الْعِدَّةِ هِيَ عَشْرُ لَيَالٍ بِأَيَّامِهَا، فَتَجِبُ عَشْرَةُ أَيَّامٍ مَعَ اللَّيَالِي … وَإِذَا مَاتَ زَوْجَ الرَّجْعِيَّةِ، اسْتَأْنَفَتْ عِدَّةَ الْوَفَاةِ، أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا، بِلَا خِلَافٍ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ أَجْمَعَ كُلُّ مَنْ نَحْفَظُ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الرَّجْعِيَّةَ زَوْجَةٌ يَلْحَقُهَا طَلَاقُهُ، وَيَنَالُهَا مِيرَاثُهُ، فَاعْتَدَّتْ لِلْوَفَاةِ، كَغَيْرِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ. وَإِنْ مَاتَ مُطَلِّقُ الْبَائِنِ فِي عِدَّتِهَا، بَنَتْ عَلَى عِدَّةِ الطَّلَاقِ، إلَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا فِي مَرَضِ مَوْتِهِ، فَإِنَّهَا تَعْتَدُّ أَطْوَلَ الْأَجَلَيْنِ مِنْ عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةِ قُرُوءٍ. نَصَّ عَلَى هَذَا أَحْمَدُ وَبِهِ قَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدٍ وَأَبُو ثَوْرٍ وَابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ تَبْنِي عَلَى عِدَّةِ الطَّلَاقِ

    The scholars agree that the death iddah of a free Muslim woman who is not pregnant is four months and ten days, consummated or not, adult or young (2:234, and the ḥadīth on mourning). The ten are ten nights with their days. If the husband of a revocably divorced woman dies, she begins the death iddah of four months and ten days, without disagreement; Ibn al-Mundhir reports consensus. If the husband of a woman in a final divorce dies in her iddah, she continues the divorce iddah, unless he divorced her in his final illness: then she observes the longer of the two terms (Aḥmad; also Abū Ḥanīfah); Mālik and al-Shāfiʿī say she continues the divorce iddah.

  5. 5

    Ibn Qudāmah, al-Mughnī (Ḥanbalī), Maktabat al-Qāhirah ed., 8:117–118

    Open: Ibn Qudāmah, al-Mughnī (Ḥanbalī), Maktabat al-Qāhirah ed., 8:117–118 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 5

    وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ مِنْهُ، لَمْ تَنْقَضِ عِدَّتُهَا إلَّا بِوَضْعِ الْحَمْلِ، أَمَةً كَانَتْ أَوْ حُرَّةً … وَأَجْمَعُوا أَيْضًا عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا إذَا كَانَتْ حَامِلًا، أَجَلُهَا وَضْعُ حَمْلِهَا، إلَّا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ مُنْقَطِعٍ، أَنَّهَا تَعْتَدُّ بِأَقْصَى الْأَجَلَيْنِ … لَوْ وَضَعَتْ بَعْدَ سَاعَةٍ مِنْ وَفَاةِ زَوْجهَا، حَلَّ لَهَا أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ

    If he divorces her or dies while she is pregnant by him, her iddah ends only with the delivery. The scholars agree that a pregnant widow’s term is the delivery, except Ibn ʿAbbās (and a report from ʿAlī with a broken chain) who held the longer of the two terms; Ibn ʿAbbās is reported to have returned to the majority view when he heard the ḥadīth of Subayʿah. The rest of the scholars said: even if she delivered an hour after her husband’s death, she may marry.

  6. 6

    Saḥnūn, al-Mudawwanah (Mālikī; Mālik’s answers as reported by Ibn al-Qāsim), 2:11

    Open: Saḥnūn, al-Mudawwanah (Mālikī; Mālik’s answers as reported by Ibn al-Qāsim), 2:11 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 6

    قلت : أرأيت إن طلق امرأته ثلاثا وهو في مرضه ثم مات وهي في العدة ، أتعتد عدة الوفاة تستكمل في ذلك ثلاث حيض أم لا ؟ قال : قال مالك : ليس عليها أن تعتد عدة الوفاة إنما عليها أن تعتد عدة الطلاق ولها الميراث ، قلت : فإن طلقها واحدة أو اثنين وهو صحيح أو مريض ثم مات وهي في العدة أتنتقل إلى عدة الوفاة ؟ قال : نعم ، ولها الميراث .

    Mālik: a man who divorced his wife three times in his final illness and died while she was in the iddah: she observes the divorce iddah, not the death iddah, and she inherits. If he divorced her once or twice, healthy or ill, and died while she was in the iddah, she moves to the death iddah and inherits.

Pending scholarly review · Every point here is from the sources cited. It has not yet been reviewed by a scholar.

Sources checked (7 Jumādā al-Ūlā 1448)

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