iddah the waiting period, step by step

Does my iddah start when he died, or when I found out?

In all four schools your iddah starts at his death, not on the day the news reached you.1234 The days that passed before you knew still count. One report from Imam Aḥmad counts from the day the news came when there is no clear proof of when he died.4

What the four schools say

All four schools count the iddah from the death itself, even if she learned of it later. A single report from Aḥmad differs when the time of death has no clear proof.

  • Ḥanafī الحنفية

    The iddah begins immediately after the death, and it ends even if she did not know of it, because it is a term and knowing that it is passing is not a condition.1

  • Mālikī المالكية

    Mālik was asked whether a widow counts from the day the news reaches her or from the day he died, and said: from the day he died. If the news reached her only after her iddah had ended, she owes no mourning.2

  • Shāfiʿī الشافعية

    If the news of her husband’s death reached her after four months and ten days had passed, her iddah had already ended.3

  • Ḥanbalī الحنابلة

    Her iddah runs from the day he died, once that is established for her, even if she did not keep the mourning in that time; this is the well-known position of the school. A report from Aḥmad says that without clear proof (bayyinah) it runs from the day the news reaches her.4

What can change this

  • The Ḥanbalī report counting from the news applies only when there is no clear proof of the time of death.4
  • From the moment you know, you keep the mourning (iḥdād) for whatever is left of the iddah. Mālik said that if the news came only after the iddah had ended, there is no mourning to keep.2

Sources

  1. 1

    Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:520

    Open: Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (Ḥanafī), Ḥalabī ed., 3:520 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 1

    (وَمَبْدَأُ الْعِدَّةِ بَعْدَ الطَّلَاقِ وَ) بَعْدَ (الْمَوْتِ) عَلَى الْفَوْرِ (وَتَنْقَضِي الْعِدَّةُ وَإِنْ جَهِلَتْ) الْمَرْأَةُ (بِهِمَا) أَيْ بِالطَّلَاقِ وَالْمَوْتِ لِأَنَّهَا أَجَلٌ فَلَا يُشْتَرَطُ الْعِلْمُ بِمُضِيِّهِ سَوَاءٌ اعْتَرَفَ بِالطَّلَاقِ، أَوْ أَنْكَرَ

    The iddah begins immediately after the divorce or the death, and it ends even if the woman did not know of them, because it is a term, and knowing that it has passed is not a condition.

  2. 2

    Saḥnūn, al-Mudawwanah (Mālikī; Mālik’s answers as reported by Ibn al-Qāsim), 2:12

    Open: Saḥnūn, al-Mudawwanah (Mālikī; Mālik’s answers as reported by Ibn al-Qāsim), 2:12 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 2

    قلت : أرأيت إذا بلغها وفاة زوجها من أين تعتد ؟ أمن يوم يبلغها ؟ أم من يوم مات الزوج ؟ قال : قال مالك : من يوم مات الزوج ، قلت : فإن لم يبلغها حتى انقضت عدتها أيكون عليها من الإحداد شيء أم لا ؟ قال : قال مالك : لا إحداد عليها إذا لم يبلغها إلا من بعد ما تنقضي عدتها

    Asked whether a widow counts her iddah from the day the news reaches her or from the day her husband died, Mālik said: from the day he died. If the news did not reach her until her iddah had ended, she owes no mourning.

  3. 3

    al-Nawawī, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn (Shāfiʿī), 8:407–408

    Open: al-Nawawī, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn (Shāfiʿī), 8:407–408 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 3

    فرع يجوز للمحدة التزيين في الفرش والبسط والستور وأثاث البيت ، لأن الحداد في [ ص: 408 ] البدن ، لا في الفرش ، ويجوز التنظيف بغسل الرأس ، والامتشاط ، ودخول الحمام ، وقلم الأظفار ، والاستحداد وإزالة الأوساخ ، فإنها ليست من الزينة … فرع لو تركت الإحداد الواجب عليها في كل المدة أو بعضها ، عصت وانقضت عدتها . وكذا لو تركت ملازمة المسكن وخرجت من غير حاجة ، عصت وانقضت عدتها بمضي المدة ، كما لو بلغها وفاة الزوج بعد مضي أربعة أشهر وعشر ، كانت العدة منقضية

    A woman in mourning may have nice bedding, carpets, curtains and furnishings, because mourning is in the body, not the furnishings. Cleaning herself is allowed: washing her head, combing, going to the bathhouse, cutting her nails, removing pubic hair and removing dirt, for these are not adornment. If she leaves the obligatory mourning for all or part of the time, she has sinned and her iddah still ends; likewise if the news of her husband’s death reached her after four months and ten days had passed, her iddah had already ended.

  4. 4

    Ibn Qudāmah, al-Mughnī (Ḥanbalī), Maktabat al-Qāhirah ed., 8:170

    Open: Ibn Qudāmah, al-Mughnī (Ḥanbalī), Maktabat al-Qāhirah ed., 8:170 ↗checked Oct 18, 2026
    Read the passage: source 4

    (وَإِذَا طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا، أَوْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا، وَهُوَ نَاءٍ عَنْهَا، فَعِدَّتُهَا مِنْ يَوْمِ مَاتَ أَوْ طَلَّقَ، إذَا صَحَّ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَجْتَنِبْ مَا تَجْتَنِبُهُ الْمُعْتَدَّةُ) هَذَا الْمَشْهُورُ فِي الْمَذْهَبِ، وَأَنَّهُ مَتَى مَاتَ زَوْجُهَا أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا، فَعِدَّتُهَا مِنْ يَوْمِ مَوْتِهِ وَطَلَاقِهِ. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا خِلَافَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَعْلَمُهُ، أَنَّ الْعِدَّةَ تَجِبُ مِنْ حِينِ الْمَوْتِ وَالطَّلَاقِ، إلَّا مَا رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إبْرَاهِيمَ وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَمَسْرُوقٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ، وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَطَاوُسٍ، وَسُلَيْمَانِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَأَبِي قِلَابَةَ، وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ، وَنَافِعٍ، وَمَالِكٍ، وَالثَّوْرِيِّ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ، وَإِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، وَأَبِي ثَوْرٍ وَأَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ وَعَنْ. أَحْمَدَ: إنَّ قَامَتْ بِذَلِكَ بَيِّنَةٌ، فَكَمَا ذَكَرْنَا. وَإِلَّا فَعِدَّتُهَا مِنْ يَوْمِ يَأْتِيهَا الْخَبَرُ … فَإِنَّ الْإِحْدَادَ الْوَاجِبَ لَيْسَ بِشَرْطٍ فِي الْعِدَّةِ، فَلَوْ تَرَكَتْهُ قَصْدًا، أَوْ عَنْ غَيْرِ قَصْدٍ، لَانْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا

    If he divorces her or dies while far from her, her iddah runs from the day he died or divorced, once that is established for her, even if she did not avoid what a woman in iddah avoids. This is the well-known position of the school; Abū Bakr knew of no disagreement from Aḥmad except one report. It is also the view of Ibn ʿUmar, Ibn ʿAbbās, Ibn Masʿūd, Mālik, al-Thawrī, al-Shāfiʿī, Isḥāq and the Ḥanafīs. A report from Aḥmad: if there is clear proof (bayyinah), it is as stated; otherwise her iddah runs from the day the news reaches her. Obligatory mourning is not a condition of the iddah: if she left it, deliberately or not, her iddah still ends.

Pending scholarly review · Every point here is from the sources cited. It has not yet been reviewed by a scholar.

Sources checked (7 Jumādā al-Ūlā 1448)

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